Blaise Pascal's Wager
Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, writer, and Catholic theologian. He is known for his contributions to various fields, including: Mathematics, Physics, Philosophy and Theology. One of Pascal's most famous philosophical arguments is known as **Pascal's Wager**. Pascal's Wager is an argument in philosophy of religion, specifically about the rationality of belief in God. Here's a simplified breakdown:
The Wager's Premise
Pascal argued that humans must bet on whether God exists because there is no way to know for sure. The bet has infinite consequences, so one should choose the option with the best potential payoff.
The Options:
Believe in God:
- If God exists, the believer gains everything (eternal life, bliss).
- If God does not exist, the believer loses little or nothing (some earthly pleasures or time spent in religious observance).
Do not believe in God:
- If God exists, the non-believer loses everything (eternal damnation or absence from God).
- If God does not exist, the non-believer gains only finite, temporary pleasures.
Conclusion:
Given these potential outcomes, Pascal argues, it is more rational to live as though God exists because if you're right, the reward is infinite, and if you're wrong, the loss is minimal compared to the potential gain.
Critics of Pascal's Wager argue that it oversimplifies faith, suggesting that belief should not be based on a calculation of personal gain. Others point out that it assumes a binary choice between belief and non-belief, ignoring other religious beliefs or the possibility of multiple gods. Some also argue about the nature of the God being wagered on; if the God values genuine faith over a calculated belief, then the wager might fail.
Pascal's Wager, therefore, remains a topic of interest in both philosophical and theological discussions, illustrating the intersection between rationality, belief, and the existential choices humans face regarding faith.
Pascal suggests that if you cannot find faith by yourself, you should act as if you believe, follow the practices of believers, and engage in the community of faith. He essentially advises to mimic the behavior of those who have faith, with the hope that belief will follow from these actions. Loosely translated as 'follow in-the-way they began' and the act of commitment will produce the faith and the works.
Pascal's Approach of Following
Pascal suggests that if you cannot find faith by yourself, you should act as if you believe, follow the practices of believers, and engage in the community of faith. He essentially advises to mimic the behavior of those who have faith, with the hope that belief will follow from these actions. This approach is often summarized in advice to:
- Follow those who are demonstrating faith.
- Act as if you do believe.
- Iterate with self-reflection on errors
Pascal's argument here is pragmatic, "follow in-the-way I began", suggesting that through these actions, one might eventually find genuine faith, or at least improve one's life in meaningful ways. This aligns with the broader theme of his Wager, where he emphasizes the act of choosing belief due to the potential infinite reward.